Ruby is a precious gemstone that has been treasured throughout history for its rich red color and rarity. It is a member of the corundum mineral family, and its deep red color is caused by the presence of chromium. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the properties, types, mining, processing, evaluating and buying, popular uses, caring for, famous ruby stones, and the mythological and symbolic significance of ruby stones.

Properties of Ruby Stones

Ruby stones have several notable properties that make them a valuable gemstones in the jewelry industry. Here are some of the key properties of ruby stones:

1. Hardness: Ruby stones are a durable and hard gemstone, with a score of 9 on the Mohs hardness scale. This makes them resistant to scratches and suitable for daily wear.

2. Color: Ruby stones are most commonly associated with their vibrant red color, but they can also range from pinkish-red to orange-red hues. The intensity and shade of the color can impact the value of the stone.

3. Clarity: Like many gemstones, ruby stones can have inclusions or imperfections within them. However, the presence of inclusions does not necessarily reduce the value of the stone, and in some cases, can add to its character and uniqueness.

4. Refractive index: Ruby stones have a high refractive index, meaning they can reflect light in a way that produces a bright and sparkling appearance.

5. Density: Ruby stones have a relatively high density compared to other gemstones, which can make them feel heavy when worn.

Overall, ruby stones are prized for their rich color, durability, and brilliance, making them a popular choice for high-end jewelry pieces.

Types of Ruby Stones

There are several types of ruby stones based on their origin, color, and other characteristics. The most common types of ruby stones are Burmese, African, Thai, and Indian rubies. Burmese rubies are known for their deep red color and fluorescence, while African rubies have a more purplish hue. Thai rubies are typically dark red and often have a brownish tint, while Indian rubies can range from pinkish-red to deep red. Other types of ruby stones include star rubies, which have a six-rayed star effect, and synthetic rubies, which are man-made in a laboratory. Each type of ruby stone has its unique properties and value, making them sought after by collectors and enthusiasts alike.

How Ruby Stones are Mined and Processed

Rubies are primarily mined in Myanmar, Thailand, Sri Lanka, and other countries in Asia and Africa. Mining methods can vary, but most commonly, miners use traditional hand-held tools such as shovels, picks, and hammers to extract the ruby-bearing rocks from the earth.

After the rubies are extracted from the earth, they are then sorted by size and quality. The highest quality rubies are those that are the deepest red and have the fewest inclusions or flaws. These stones are then cut and polished into various shapes and sizes for use in jewelry.

The cutting and polishing process is a skilled and delicate art that requires precision and patience. The goal is to create the most beautiful and brilliant stone possible while retaining as much of the original weight and size as possible. Rubies can be cut into many different shapes, including round, oval, cushion, and emerald-cut.

Once the ruby is cut and polished, it may undergo additional treatments to enhance its color or clarity. For example, some rubies may be heated to high temperatures to intensify their color or to remove any inclusions that may affect their appearance. Other treatments may include filling any fractures or cavities with glass or other substances to improve the stone's clarity.

It's important to note that not all rubies on the market are natural. Synthetic rubies, which are made in a laboratory, are also widely available. These stones are made of the same material as natural rubies and have the same chemical and physical properties, but they are created through a different process. It's important to verify the authenticity of any ruby before purchasing, especially if it is a high-value item.

Evaluating and Buying Ruby Stones

When evaluating rubies, the 4 Cs - color, clarity, cut, and carat weight - are used to determine their quality and value. Ruby stones can also undergo treatments to enhance their color and clarity, so it is important to ask for documentation when purchasing. It is also important to buy from reputable dealers and have the stone certified by a gemologist.

Popular Uses for Ruby Stones

Ruby stones have been used for various purposes throughout history. Some popular uses for ruby stones include jewelry, decorative items, and industrial applications. In jewelry, ruby is a popular gemstone for engagement rings, necklaces, bracelets, and earrings. Its vibrant red color is also a popular choice for decorative items, such as vases and figurines. Ruby is also used in various industrial applications, including lasers, watchmaking, and cutting tools. Its hardness and durability make it an ideal material for these purposes. Additionally, ruby has been believed to possess healing properties and is used in alternative medicine practices.

Caring for Ruby Stones

To ensure the longevity and beauty of ruby stones, they should be cleaned regularly with mild soap and water, and stored separately from other jewelry. They should also be protected from harsh chemicals and extreme temperatures.

Famous Ruby Stones and Their Stories

Famous ruby stones have captured the attention and imagination of people for centuries. The most well-known ruby is the Sunrise Ruby, a rare 25.59-carat Burmese stone that sold for a record-breaking $30 million at auction in 2015. The Mogok Ruby, named after the region in Myanmar where it was mined, is also highly prized for its deep red color and excellent clarity. Other famous rubies include the Rosser Reeves Star Ruby, the De Long Star Ruby, and the Chhatrapati Manik Ruby, which is said to bring good luck to its wearer. These stones have fascinating histories and are highly coveted by collectors and enthusiasts alike.

Ruby Stones in Mythology and Symbolism

Ruby stones have been associated with love, passion, and vitality in many cultures and religions throughout history. In ancient Hindu mythology, rubies were believed to be a symbol of the sun's life-giving power, while in medieval Europe, they were worn to protect the wearer from evil.

Conclusion

In conclusion, ruby stones are precious and valuable gemstones with a rich history and significance. When evaluating and buying rubies, it is important to consider their quality, value, and certification. With proper care, ruby stones can last for generations and continue to be cherished for their beauty and symbolism.