Sri Lanka has a rich history in gemstone mining, dating back to ancient times. The island nation is famous for producing high-quality sapphires, rubies, and other precious stones. One of the most significant areas for gemstone mining in Sri Lanka is the Highland Complex.

The Highland Complex is a mountainous region located in the central part of Sri Lanka. It covers an area of around 17,000 square kilometers and is home to several types of gemstones. The complex is made up of a range of rocks, including metamorphic rocks and granites, which were formed millions of years ago.

In this post, we will explore the geology of the Highland Complex, the mining techniques used in the area, and the significance of the complex in the gemstone industry.

Geology of the Highland Complex

The Highland Complex is a complex geological area made up of different rock types. The area is dominated by metamorphic rocks such as gneiss, schist, and quartzite. These rocks were formed around 500 million years ago when the Indian subcontinent collided with Asia, forming the Himalayan mountain range. The collision also caused the formation of the Highland Complex.

The Highland Complex also contains granitic rocks, which were formed around 540 million years ago. These rocks are significant because they are the source of many gemstones found in the area. The granitic rocks were formed from the melting of pre-existing rocks due to the heat and pressure caused by the collision of the two land masses.

The complex is a treasure trove of precious stones, including sapphires, rubies, and spinels. Sapphires are the most commonly found gemstone in the Highland Complex. Sri Lanka is famous for producing the best quality blue sapphires in the world. The sapphires found in the Highland Complex are formed in a variety of colors, including blue, green, yellow, pink, and orange. Rubies are also found in the area, although they are less common than sapphires.

Mining in the Highland Complex

Gemstone mining in Sri Lanka has a long history, dating back over 2,000 years. The traditional method of mining involves using simple tools and techniques, such as hand-held chisels and hammers, to extract gems from the ground. The process is time-consuming and labor-intensive, but it has been used for centuries.

Modern mining techniques involve the use of heavy machineries, such as excavators and bulldozers, to extract gems from the ground. However, the use of heavy machinery has caused significant environmental damage to the area. Mining has caused deforestation, soil erosion, and the destruction of habitats for wildlife.

To address these issues, the Sri Lankan government has implemented regulations to protect the environment and ensure the sustainable management of the gemstone industry. These regulations include limiting the number of mining licenses granted and requiring mining companies to restore the land after mining operations have ceased.

Significance of the Highland Complex in the Gemstone Industry

The Highland Complex is significant in the global gemstone industry as a source of high-quality gemstones. The sapphires found in the area are considered to be some of the best quality in the world. The gemstones are popular with jewelers and collectors worldwide.

The gemstone industry is also significant for Sri Lanka's economy. The industry employs thousands of people and generates significant revenue for the country. The industry is particularly important for the rural communities in the Highland Complex, where gemstone mining is a significant source of livelihood.

Gemstones have a cultural and historical significance in Sri Lanka. The country has a long tradition of using gemstones in jewelry and other decorative objects. The ancient Sri Lankan kingdoms considered gemstones to be a symbol of wealth and power. Today, gemstones are still highly valued and are often given as gifts for special occasions, such as weddings.

The Future of the Highland Complex

The Sri Lankan government has recognized the need for sustainable and responsible mining practices in the Highland Complex. The government has implemented regulations to limit the number of mining licenses granted and to ensure the restoration of the land after mining operations have ceased.

In addition, there are ongoing efforts to develop new mining techniques that are less damaging to the environment. For example, there is research being conducted into the use of water-based mining techniques that are less harmful to the environment.

There is also potential for new discoveries in the Highland Complex. While the area has been mined for centuries, there is still the possibility of finding new deposits of gemstones. New mining techniques, such as remote sensing and geophysical surveys, are being used to identify new deposits of gemstones.

Conclusion

The Highland Complex is a significant area for gemstone mining in Sri Lanka. The area is rich in a variety of gemstones, including sapphires, rubies, and spinels. Gemstone mining has a long history in Sri Lanka and is an important source of livelihood for many people.

The gemstone industry is also significant for Sri Lanka's economy, generating significant revenue and employment opportunities. However, the industry has also caused significant environmental damage, and there is a need for sustainable and responsible mining practices.

The Sri Lankan government has recognized the need for sustainable mining practices and has implemented regulations to protect the environment and ensure the sustainable management of the gemstone industry. There is also ongoing research into new mining techniques that are less harmful to the environment.

Overall, the Highland Complex is a significant area for the global gemstone industry and an important part of Sri Lanka's cultural and economic heritage. It is important to ensure the sustainable management of the area to ensure that future generations can continue to benefit from the rich natural resources found in the Highland Complex.