Rubies, with their fiery red allure, have captivated gem enthusiasts for centuries. However, the market is also flooded with imitation and synthetic alternatives. Distinguishing between genuine and fake rubies is crucial for making informed purchases and preserving the integrity of your gem collection. In this blog post, we will unravel the key characteristics of a real ruby and equip you with the knowledge to spot a fake.

Understanding the Properties of Rubies

The first step in any ruby authenticating process must involve some knowledge of the character of the gemstone.

Rubies, known for their mesmerizing red hue, are among the most sought-after gemstones in the world. To truly appreciate and identify a genuine ruby, it is crucial to understand the unique properties that distinguish it from imitations and synthetic alternatives. Let's delve into the fascinating properties of rubies and uncover the secrets behind their allure.

Chemical Composition:

Rubies belong to the corundum family of gemstones and are composed of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) with traces of chromium (Cr). It is the presence of chromium that gives rubies their vibrant red color. The higher the chromium content, the more intense and desirable the red hue of the ruby.

Hardness and Durability:

Rubies are exceptionally durable gemstones. On the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, they rank at 9, just below diamonds, making them highly resistant to scratches and abrasions. This hardness contributes to the longevity and enduring beauty of rubies, making them ideal for use in jewelry that withstands everyday wear.

Color Variations:

The color of a ruby is one of its most important characteristics. Genuine rubies exhibit a rich, intense red color, often described as "pigeon's blood red." However, rubies can also display variations in color, including shades of pinkish-red or purplish-red. These subtle variations contribute to the uniqueness of each ruby, and their desirability depends on personal preferences and market trends.

Fluorescence:

When exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light, rubies can exhibit fluorescence. Natural rubies typically fluoresce with a strong red glow under UV light, known as "red fluorescence." This fluorescence is a helpful indicator of a ruby's authenticity. In contrast, many synthetic rubies do not display the same level of fluorescence or may exhibit different colors under UV light.

Inclusions and Clarity:

Like most gemstones, rubies can contain internal features known as inclusions. These inclusions are natural formations that occur during the crystal's growth process. Genuine rubies often have inclusions, which can include tiny crystals, needle-like rutile inclusions, or even silk-like inclusions known as "silk." These inclusions, when viewed under magnification, help authenticate the ruby's natural origin.

Transparency and Clarity Grading:

Rubies can range from transparent to slightly included. Transparency refers to the degree to which light can pass through the stone, while clarity grading refers to the presence and visibility of inclusions. Rubies with excellent transparency and minimal inclusions are considered highly valuable and command a higher price in the market.

Pleochroism:

Pleochroism is the phenomenon where a gemstone exhibits different colors when viewed from different angles. Natural rubies often display pleochroism, with hues of red, pink, and purple visible when observed from different orientations. This optical property is another indicator of a genuine ruby.

Heat Conductivity:

Rubies possess excellent heat conductivity. This characteristic can be observed by gently heating the stone with a pen torch or lighter. Genuine rubies disperse the heat quickly and uniformly throughout the stone. Imitations or synthetic rubies may exhibit delayed or uneven heat distribution, providing a clue to their authenticity.

Understanding the properties of rubies empowers enthusiasts and buyers to make informed decisions when acquiring these exquisite gemstones. By evaluating factors such as chemical composition, hardness, color variations, fluorescence, inclusions, transparency, pleochroism, and heat conductivity, one can discern the true beauty and authenticity of a ruby. Whether adorning jewelry or cherished as a collectible, the allure of genuine rubies remains eternal.

Ruby Countries of Origin

When seeking authentic rubies, it is important to pay attention to the country of origin. The failure on the part of the seller to disclose this information, or to provide information that does match its true origins is a good indication of a fake ruby stone.

Rubies have been mined in various parts of the world, with certain countries gaining prominence for their exceptional ruby deposits. These countries are renowned for producing rubies of exceptional quality and are sought after by gem enthusiasts and collectors. Let's explore some of the significant ruby countries of origin.

Myanmar (Burma):

Myanmar, historically known as Burma, is often hailed as the primary source of the world's finest rubies. The Mogok region in Myanmar has been producing rubies for centuries and is renowned for its "pigeon's blood" red rubies. These rubies are highly valued for their deep red color and exceptional transparency.

Thailand:

Thailand has long been a significant player in the ruby market. The Chanthaburi and Trat provinces are particularly renowned for their ruby deposits. Thai rubies often possess a rich red color with slight undertones of pink. The gem trade in Thailand has a strong reputation for both mining and trading rubies.

Sri Lanka (Ceylon):

Sri Lanka, formerly known as Ceylon, has a rich history of ruby mining. The country is famous for its sapphires, but it also produces high-quality rubies. Sri Lankan rubies are prized for their vibrant red hues, often displaying a perfect balance of color saturation and clarity.

Cambodia:

Cambodia has emerged as a significant source of rubies in recent years. The Pailin region in western Cambodia is particularly known for its ruby mines. Cambodian rubies are recognized for their vivid red color and excellent clarity. These rubies often exhibit a fluorescence effect under UV light, enhancing their allure.

Vietnam:

Vietnam has become an important player in the ruby market, with significant ruby deposits found in the Luc Yen and Quy Chau regions. Vietnamese rubies are known for their rich red color, often displaying a slight purplish undertone. These rubies are highly regarded for their transparency and excellent cut.

Madagascar:

Madagascar has gained recognition for its ruby deposits, particularly in the regions of Ilakaka, Andilamena, and Vatomandry. Madagascan rubies exhibit a wide range of colors, from intense red to pinkish-red and purplish-red. These rubies are highly prized for their unique color variations and exceptional clarity.

Tanzania:

Tanzania, specifically the Longido and Morogoro regions, has emerged as a notable source of rubies. Tanzanian rubies are known for their vibrant red color and exceptional clarity. The country's ruby deposits have gained attention in the gem trade due to their high-quality stones.

While these countries are known for producing remarkable rubies, it's important to note that rubies can also be found in other parts of the world, including India, Afghanistan, Kenya, and Mozambique. Each region offers its unique characteristics and qualities, contributing to the diverse and enchanting world of rubies. Whether sourced from Myanmar's legendary Mogok mines or Cambodia's emerging deposits, rubies from these countries continue to captivate gem enthusiasts with their mesmerizing beauty.

Visual Examination

The first step in identifying a fake ruby is to visually inspect the stone. Using a loupe or magnifying glass, examine the internal features, such as inclusions and growth patterns. Genuine rubies often display natural flaws, such as tiny crystals or needle-like rutile inclusions. Additionally, assess the clarity and transparency of the stone, as authentic rubies possess varying degrees of clarity, from transparent to slightly included.

Color Assessment

Color is a defining characteristic of rubies. Analyzing the hue, tone, and saturation of the stone is crucial. Genuine rubies exhibit a vibrant red hue with secondary undertones of pink or purple. Be cautious of stones that appear too light or have an overly dark and opaque appearance, as they may indicate imitations. Familiarize yourself with the desirable color range of rubies to distinguish genuine stones from their fake counterparts.

Conducting Heat and Light Tests

Rubies have unique heat conductivity properties that can aid in their identification. Gently heat the stone with a pen torch or lighter and observe its response. Natural rubies disperse the heat quickly and evenly, while imitations may exhibit a delayed or uneven heat distribution. Additionally, use a UV light or black light to conduct a red fluorescence test. Natural rubies tend to exhibit strong red fluorescence, while most synthetic rubies do not fluoresce in the same manner.

Consideration of Origin and Certifications

The origin of a ruby can provide valuable insights into its authenticity. Rubies from well-known sources like Burma (Myanmar), Sri Lanka, and Thailand are generally highly regarded. Additionally, reputable certifications and gemological reports add credibility to the authenticity of a ruby. Ensure that any ruby you consider purchasing comes with proper documentation from recognized gemological laboratories.

Avoiding Common Pitfalls and Red Flags

While assessing a ruby's authenticity, it's important to be aware of common pitfalls and red flags. Treatments and enhancements, such as heat treatment or filling fractures, are common in the ruby market. Educate yourself about these treatments to identify any suspicious alterations. Exercise caution when encountering exceptionally low prices or dealing with untrustworthy sellers. Be aware that synthetic rubies, such as those created in laboratories, can closely resemble natural rubies and require expert analysis for differentiation.

Conclusion

Spotting a fake ruby requires a combination of knowledge, observation, and careful consideration. By understanding the properties unique to genuine rubies, conducting visual and color assessments, and employing heat and light tests, you can enhance your ability to identify authentic stones. Remember to consider the origin and certifications of the ruby, while remaining cautious of common pitfalls and red flags. If in doubt, consult with reputable gemologists or experts for professional verification. Armed with this newfound knowledge, you can confidently navigate the world of rubies and make informed decisions when adding these precious gemstones to your collection.